Grammar

This chapter is about grammar, which is a part of the second semester program of linguistics designed for L2 students in the department of English.

Grammar is concerned with the description of the structure of phrases and sentences which will account for all of the grammatical sequences and rule out all the ungrammatical sequences. In this chapter, we will deal with the scope of grammar as a level of analysis which is different from the levels of phonology and morphology; traditional grammar and its general categories and concepts; traditional analysis; the prescriptive approach; the descriptive approach; structural analysis, involving the method of “test-frames” to investigate the distribution of forms in a language, as one descriptive approach; and the immediate constituent analysis, including different types of diagrams to describe the English sentences and their constituents, as another descriptive approach.